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:''For P. D. Ouspensky's book see Fourth Way (book). For the jazz group see The Fourth Way (band)'' The Fourth Way is an approach to self-development described by George Gurdjieff which he developed over years of travel in the East. It combines what he saw as three established traditional "ways" or "schools", those of the mind, emotions and body, or of yogis, monks and fakirs respectively, and is sometimes referred to as "The Work", "Work on oneself" or "The System". The exact origins of Gurdjieff's teachings are unknown, but people have offered various sources.〔Anthony Storr ''Feet of Clay'', p. 26, Simon & Schuster, 1997 ISBN 978-0-684-83495-5〕 The term was further used by his disciple P. D. Ouspensky in his lectures and writings. After Ouspensky's death his students published a book entitled ''The Fourth Way'' based on his lectures. According to this system, the three traditional schools, or ways, "are permanent forms which have survived throughout history mostly unchanged, and are based on religion. Where schools of yogis, monks or fakirs exist, they are barely distinguishable from religious schools. The fourth way differs in that ''it is not a permanent way. It has no specific forms or institutions and comes and goes controlled by some particular laws of its own.''" The Fourth Way addresses the question of people's place in the Universe, their possibilities of inner development, and emphasizes that people ordinarily live in a state referred to as "waking sleep", while higher levels of being are possible. The Fourth Way teaches how to increase and focus attention and energy in various ways, and to minimize daydreaming and absentmindedness. This inner development in oneself is the beginning of a possible further process of change, whose aim is to transform man into "what he ought to be". ==Overview== Gurdjieff's followers believed he was a spiritual master,〔''Meetings with Remarkable Men'', translator's note〕 a human being who is fully awake or enlightened. He was also seen as an esotericist or occultist.〔(Gurdjieff article in ''The Skeptic's dictionary'' ) by Robert Todd Carroll〕 He agreed that the teaching was esoteric but claimed that none of it was veiled in secrecy but that many people lack the interest or the capability to understand it.〔P.D. Ouspensky, ''In Search of the Miraculous'', p.38.〕 Gurdjieff said, "The teaching whose theory is here being set out is completely self supporting and independent of other lines and it has been completely unknown up to the present time." The Fourth Way teaches that humans are not born with a soul and are not really conscious but only ''believe'' they are. A person must ''create'' a soul by following a teaching which can lead to this aim, or else "die like a dog". Humans are born ''asleep'', live in ''sleep'' and die in ''sleep'', only ''imagining'' that they are awake.〔P. D. Ouspensky ''In Search of the Miraculous'', p. 66, Harcourt Brace & Co., 1977 ISBN 0-15-644508-5〕 The ordinary waking "consciousness" of human beings is not consciousness at all but merely a form of sleep. Gurdjieff taught "sacred dances" or "movements", now known as Gurdjieff movements, which they performed together as a group.〔(Gurdjieff Heritage Society Book Excerpts )〕 He left a body of music, inspired by that which he had heard in remote monasteries and other places, which was written for piano in collaboration with one of his pupils, Thomas de Hartmann.〔(Thomas de Hartmann: A Composer’s Life ) by John Mangan〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fourth Way」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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